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Calculation of Other Variables

A vertical settlement is accompanied by the evolution of horizontal displacements which may cause damage to nearby buildings. The horizontal displacement can be derived from the vertical settlement providing the resulting displacement vectors are directed into the center of excavation. In such a case the horizontal displacement of the soil is provided by the following equation:

where:

x

-

distance of point x from the axis of excavation

s(x)

-

settlement at point x

Z

-

depth of center point of excavation

r

-

excavation radius

The horizontal displacements are determined in a differential way along the x axis and in the transverse direction they can be expressed using the following equation:

where:

x

-

distance of point x from the axis of excavation

s(x)

-

settlement at point x

Z

-

depth of center point of excavation

Linf

-

distance of inflection point

r

-

excavation radius

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